Microcontroller based control system for solar street light

I. Background, purpose and meaning
As a global energy crisis, the world generally given to renewable energy use and research. Solar energy as an emerging green energy, with its inexhaustible, pollution, etc., are being rapidly
The application. solar lighting do not hand in its management and control, install a one-time investment in electricity costs without future, without setting up transmission lines or trenching cabling. Can be easily installed in Plaza, schools, parks, and not easy to set up transmission lines and many other advantages place more and more attention.

1.1 The need for new energy development
The 21st century, mankind is faced with the realization of economic and social sustainable development, major challenges, how can the limited energy and environmental protection under the dual constraints of economic development has become a hot question
Problems. The energy issue is more prominent, not only in the lack of conventional energy sources, more serious is that fossil energy development and utilization of environmental degradation is exacerbated. Mainly for the following aspects:
(1) energy shortages. Limited conventional energy sources and distribution is uneven, resulting in most countries of the world’s energy supply can not meet the needs of their economic development. In the long run, the world has exploration
Oil reserves can only be used out in 2020, natural gas can only be extended to 2040 or so, even if abundant coal resources would only last two to three years. Therefore, people have to face sooner or later, fossil fuel
Material depletion of the crisis situation.
(2) environmental pollution. Burning of coal, oil and other fossil fuels, every year hundreds of tons of sulfur and other harmful substances into the sky, the atmosphere has been seriously polluted the environment, directly affecting the health and life of residents
Quality; and even the formation of acid rain in some areas, serious pollution of soil and water resources.
(3) the greenhouse effect. The use of fossil fuels not only causes environmental pollution, emit large amounts of greenhouse gases, greenhouse effect, causing global climate change
1.2 The advantages of solar energy utilization
To solve the energy problems of mankind to achieve sustainable development can only rely on science and technology, large-scale exploitation of renewable and clean energy. It is predicted that by mid-century renewable energy in the world can.
Source structure will account for 50% or more, including solar and renewable energy in this century will be an unprecedented pace, and gradually became the focus of the energy base of human society. solar lighting with Has unique advantages, the development and utilization in the 21st century will develop by leaps and bounds, and will eventually transfer the energy structure in the world, take a leading role, the late 21st century, the dominant source of energy. Our link with Guangzhou
Large, has a very rich solar energy resources. It is estimated that the total solar radiation throughout the country reached 335 ~ 837 586 in value. From the national distribution of the total solar radiation, Tibet, Qinghai
Shanghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, southern Shanxi, northern Shaanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, Jilin, western, central and southwestern Yunnan Province, in southeastern Guangdong, Fujian, southeast, east and west of Hainan Island
And southwest of Taiwan Province and other large areas large amount of solar radiation. Especially in the largest Tibetan Plateau, where the average altitude of 4000m or more, thin atmosphere, clean, good transparency
, Low latitude, sunshine time is long. For example, known as the “Solar City”of Lhasa City, 1961-1970, on average, the annual average sunshine time is 3005.7h, relative sunshine 68%
108.5 average sunny days, cloudy days was 98.8 days, the global solar radiation for the 816, than the other provinces and the country with the high latitude regions. Sichuan and Guizhou provinces, the country’s total amount of solar radiation
Minimum, especially in the Sichuan Basin is the most, where rain and more fog, less sunny. For example, known as “fog’’said the Chengdu, the annual average sunshine time is only 1 152.2h, relative sunshine duration for the
26%, the annual average of 24.7 sunny days, cloudy days of 244.6 days. Other areas of the total solar radiation center.
Solar energy as an “inexhaustible” security, environmental protection and new energy sources more and more attention. Here we use solar lighting and electricity for lighting effects and practical contrast.
Installation of complex lighting electricity: electric lighting in the City project has a complex operating procedures, the first laying of cables, cable channel will be carried out here, excavation, laying of underground pipe, pipe threading, back
Fill such a large number of infrastructure projects. Then a long period of installation and commissioning, if any of the lines in question, will have to rework large areas. And complex terrain and line requirements, the cost of labor and supporting materials
High. The high electricity tariff lighting: lighting electricity work has a fixed high tariffs for long-term continuous and other configurations on the line for maintenance or replacement, maintenance costs every year. Sun
Free electricity to lighting: solar lighting is a one-time investment, no maintenance costs, investment costs recovered for three years, long-term benefit.
Mains lighting a security risk: utility construction quality due to lighting, landscape renovation project, materials aging, power supply not normal, water and electricity pipes and other aspects of the conflict brought a lot of security
Risk. No safety hazards of solar lighting: solar lighting is super low-voltage products, safe and reliable operation.
Other advantages of solar lighting: green, high ecological community for the development and promotion of the addition of new selling point; sustainable reduction of property management costs and reduce some of the owners share the costs of public
Use. Described in the foregoing comparison, solar lighting, no safety problems, no energy consumption, environmental protection, ease of installation, maintenance and other automatic control for the inherent characteristics of real estate sales, public works
Building can be used directly to bring significant advantages.
1.3 The advantages of solar LED street lights
With the deepening of sustainable development, people active in the development of new types of renewable energy, while also advocating green energy saving technology in the lighting field, long life and safety of green energy
Rich green color of the LED solid-state lighting, micro-has also been recognized as the world an important way to energy saving, solar LED lights also integrates the advantages of both.
LED (Light Emitting Diode, Light Emitting Diode) is a kind of energy into visible light to the semiconductor light emitting device, do not rely on heating the filament to glow, but on the positive and negative materials
Charge recombination to light energy conversion efficiency is very high. With high efficiency, energy saving, long life, maintenance-free, environment protection. Relatively large power consumption of traditional light sources, and mostly under high pressure,
Link inverter with boost energy efficiency and reduced, while the LED using low voltage DC power supply, security and lighting control and low cost. LED response time is normally
only a few nanoseconds to a few nanoseconds, so that
Frequent switching, adjusting brightness possible. And as all solid-state LED light, shock, impact resistance not broken, low heat, no heat radiation, is a cold light source, mercury, sodium and other elements may be
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